Global warming is making pollen seasons last longer, creating more ozone in the air, and even expanding the areas where insects flourish, putting more people with bee allergies at greater risk, experts say.

“Climate change will cause impacts in every area. Wet areas will get wetter, and drier climates are getting drier,” said Dr. Jeffrey Demain, director of the Allergy, Asthma and Immunology Center of Alaska, and a clinical associate professor at the University of Washington.

Those changes will mean more people with allergies and asthma will suffer. In wet areas, mold allergies will spike, while in drier areas pollens and other airborne irritants will become more of a problem, he said.

Last month, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency announced that it believes carbon dioxide and five additional greenhouse gases are dangerous to human health. This finding may eventually lead to environmentally friendly changes, such as regulations for cleaner energy and more fuel-efficient cars.

But, right now, problems caused by climate change are already evident, especially in Alaska, Demain said.

“There’s been a significant shift in the ecosystem because of the rises in winter temperatures,” he said. “On average, Alaska’s temp has risen 6.4 degrees in winter and 3.4 degrees overall. And, the earlier the snow melts, the earlier the pollen cycle begins.”

In addition to longer pollen seasons, the plant and tree life is changing along with the warmer temperatures. Demain said it’s estimated that 90 percent of the Alaskan tundra will be forested by 2100, and that the types of trees that are most common are changing, too.

The warmer temperatures are also attracting insects. In the past, Alaska hasn’t had too many stinging insects. But, said Demain, northern Alaska has recently seen a 620 percent increase in the number of people seeking care for bee stings.

Although Alaska’s experience may be more dramatic than the rest of the United States, it’s definitely not the only region that’s experiencing change.

“We’re having warmer, wetter winters, which lead to long springs and an increase in seasonal allergens,” said Dr. David Peden, director of the Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma and Lung Biology at the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill.

Peden also said that ozone levels are higher, which causes more asthma symptoms.

So, what can you do to protect yourself? Both Peden and Demain said that just being aware of the problem is the first step. Next, is to be sure you know specifically what you’re allergic to, and then be aware of pollen and mold cycles so you can properly adjust your behavior when those levels are high.

“Pollens are usually highest in the mornings, but grass is elevated in the morning and evening. If you’re tree- or weed-allergic, plan outdoor activities for the afternoon or evening. If you’re grass-allergic, you might want to plan to be outside midday. Warm, sunny, dry days are usually the ones with the greatest pollen,” Demain said.

Of course, it’s not always possible to stay indoors, and treatments are available that can help you live with allergies and asthma.

“As mundane as this sounds, if you have allergic disease or asthma, consult with an allergist so that you have maximal therapy and information on seasonal concerns. If you’re in an area with lengthy pollen seasons, allergy shots might be useful,” Peden said.

“The climate is changing, and it’s changing at an unprecedented rate. Whether it’s a natural cycle, or whether humans are the cause, we have to recognize that this is happening,” said Demain, who added, “Every small step [such as using compact fluorescent bulbs or driving less] is important. If we all take that step, we can have a big impact.”

More information

To track pollen levels near you, visit the National Allergy Bureau.

SOURCES: Jeffrey G. Demain, M.D., director, Allergy, Asthma and Immunology Center of Alaska, clinical associate professor, University of Washington, and adjunct professor, University of Alaska, Anchorage; David Peden, M.D., M.S., professor, pediatrics and medicine, associate chair for research, chief, Division of Immunology and Infectious Disease, and director, Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma and Lung Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill